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ENH: improve/verify atmBoundaryLayerInlet conditions

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ENH: add generalised log-law type ground-normal inflow boundary conditions for
  wind velocity and turbulence quantities for homogeneous, two-dimensional,
  dry-air, equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) modelling

  ENH: remove `zGround` entry, which is now automatically computed

  ENH: add `displacement height` entry, `d`

  ENH: add generalised atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega boundary condition

  ENH: add a verification case for atmBoundaryLayerInlet BCs

  DOC: improve atmBoundaryLayerInlet header documentation

  BUG: fix value-entry behaviour in atmBoundaryLayerInlet (fixes #1578)
  Without this change:
  - for serial-parallel computations, if `value` entry is available in
    an `atmBoundaryLayerInlet` BC, the theoretical ABL profile expressions
    are not computed, and the `value` entry content is used as a profile data
  - for parallel computations, if `value` entry is not available, `decomposePar`
    could not be executed.
  With this change:
  - assuming `value` entry is always be present, the use of `value` entry for
    the ABL profile specification is determined by a flag `initABL`
  - the default value of the optional flag `initABL` is `true`, but whenever
    `initABL=true` is executed, `initABL` is overwritten as `false` for the
    subsequent runs, so that `value` entry can be safely used.
  Thanks Per Jørgensen for the bug report.

  BUG: ensure atmBoundaryInlet conditions are Galilean-invariant (fixes #1692)

  Related references:

      The ground-normal profile expressions (tag:RH):
        Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
        Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
        engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
        In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
        DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8

    Modifications to preserve the profiles downstream (tag:HW):
        Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
        On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
        to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
        Journal of wind engineering and
        industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
        DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002

    Expression generalisations to allow height
    variation for turbulence quantities (tag:YGCJ):
        Yang, Y., Gu, M., Chen, S., & Jin, X. (2009).
        New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium
        atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering.
        J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(2), 88-95.
        DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.12.001

    The generalised ground-normal profile expression for omega (tag:YGJ):
        Yang, Y., Gu, M., & Jin, X., (2009).
        New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the
        neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in SST k-ω model.
        In: The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering,
        November 8-12, Taipei, Taiwan.

  Reproduced benchmark:
      Rectangular prism shown in FIG 1 of
        Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
        On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
        to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
        Journal of wind engineering and
        industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
        DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
  Benchmark data:
      HW, 2007 FIG 6

  TUT: update simpleFoam/turbineSiting tutorial accordingly
This commit is contained in:
Kutalmis Bercin 2020-04-07 15:41:37 +01:00 committed by Andrew Heather
parent 5863c94be0
commit 336fb3bddf
44 changed files with 2631 additions and 166 deletions
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22
src/atmosphericModels/Make/files
View File

@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
/* Models */
atmosphericTurbulentTransportModels.C
porosityModels/powerLawLopesdaCosta/powerLawLopesdaCosta.C
/* Boundary conditions */
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
derivedFvPatchFields/nutkAtmRoughWallFunction/nutkAtmRoughWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C
/* Wall function BCs */
/* fvOptions */
LIB = $(FOAM_LIBBIN)/libatmosphericModels

116
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.C
View File

@ -37,16 +37,20 @@ namespace Foam
atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const Time& time, const polyPatch& pp)
:
initABL_(false),
kappa_(0.41),
Cmu_(0.09),
C1_(0.0),
C2_(1.0),
ppMin_((boundBox(pp.points())).min()),
time_(time),
patch_(pp),
flowDir_(time, "flowDir"),
zDir_(time, "zDir"),
kappa_(0.41),
Cmu_(0.09),
Uref_(time, "Uref"),
Zref_(time, "Zref"),
z0_(),
zGround_()
d_()
{}
@ -57,6 +61,15 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
const dictionary& dict
)
:
initABL_(dict.getOrDefault<Switch>("initABL", true)),
kappa_
(
dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>("kappa", 0.41, scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL))
),
Cmu_(dict.getCheckOrDefault<scalar>("Cmu", 0.09, scalarMinMax::ge(SMALL))),
C1_(dict.getOrDefault("C1", 0.0)),
C2_(dict.getOrDefault("C2", 1.0)),
ppMin_((boundBox(pp.points())).min()),
time_(time),
patch_(pp),
flowDir_(TimeFunction1<vector>(time, "flowDir", dict)),
@ -66,7 +79,7 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
Uref_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(time, "Uref", dict)),
Zref_(TimeFunction1<scalar>(time, "Zref", dict)),
z0_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "z0", dict)),
zGround_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "zGround", dict))
d_(PatchFunction1<scalar>::New(pp, "d", dict))
{}
@ -77,31 +90,39 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer
const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
initABL_(abl.initABL_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
C1_(abl.C1_),
C2_(abl.C2_),
ppMin_(abl.ppMin_),
time_(abl.time_),
patch_(patch.patch()),
flowDir_(abl.flowDir_),
zDir_(abl.zDir_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
Uref_(abl.Uref_),
Zref_(abl.Zref_),
z0_(abl.z0_.clone(patch_)),
zGround_(abl.zGround_.clone(patch_))
d_(abl.d_.clone(patch_))
{}
atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer& abl)
:
initABL_(abl.initABL_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
C1_(abl.C1_),
C2_(abl.C2_),
ppMin_(abl.ppMin_),
time_(abl.time_),
patch_(abl.patch_),
flowDir_(abl.flowDir_),
zDir_(abl.zDir_),
kappa_(abl.kappa_),
Cmu_(abl.Cmu_),
Uref_(abl.Uref_),
Zref_(abl.Zref_),
z0_(abl.z0_.clone(patch_)),
zGround_(abl.zGround_.clone(patch_))
d_(abl.d_.clone(patch_))
{}
@ -110,13 +131,13 @@ atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer& abl)
vector atmBoundaryLayer::flowDir() const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
vector dir(flowDir_.value(t));
const vector dir(flowDir_.value(t));
const scalar magDir = mag(dir);
if (magDir < SMALL)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "magnitude of " << flowDir_.name()
<< "magnitude of " << flowDir_.name() << " = " << magDir
<< " vector must be greater than zero"
<< abort(FatalError);
}
@ -128,13 +149,13 @@ vector atmBoundaryLayer::flowDir() const
vector atmBoundaryLayer::zDir() const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
vector dir(zDir_.value(t));
const vector dir(zDir_.value(t));
const scalar magDir = mag(dir);
if (magDir < SMALL)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "magnitude of " << zDir_.name()
<< "magnitude of " << zDir_.name() << " = " << magDir
<< " vector must be greater than zero"
<< abort(FatalError);
}
@ -149,14 +170,22 @@ tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::Ustar(const scalarField& z0) const
const scalar Uref = Uref_.value(t);
const scalar Zref = Zref_.value(t);
return kappa_*Uref/(log((Zref + z0)/z0));
if (Zref < 0)
{
FatalErrorInFunction
<< "Negative entry in " << Zref_.name() << " = " << Zref
<< abort(FatalError);
}
// (derived from RH:Eq. 6, HW:Eq. 5)
return kappa_*Uref/log((Zref + z0)/z0);
}
void atmBoundaryLayer::autoMap(const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper)
{
z0_->autoMap(mapper);
zGround_->autoMap(mapper);
d_->autoMap(mapper);
}
@ -167,51 +196,80 @@ void atmBoundaryLayer::rmap
)
{
z0_->rmap(abl.z0_(), addr);
zGround_->rmap(abl.zGround_(), addr);
d_->rmap(abl.d_(), addr);
}
tmp<vectorField> atmBoundaryLayer::U(const vectorField& p) const
tmp<vectorField> atmBoundaryLayer::U(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField zGround(zGround_->value(t));
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
scalarField Un((Ustar(z0)/kappa_)*log(((zDir() & p) - zGround + z0)/z0));
// (YGCJ:Table 1, RH:Eq. 6, HW:Eq. 5)
scalarField Un
(
(Ustar(z0)/kappa_)*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0)
);
return flowDir()*Un;
}
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::k(const vectorField& p) const
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::k(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
return sqr(Ustar(z0))/sqrt(Cmu_);
// (YGCJ:Eq. 21; RH:Eq. 7, HW:Eq. 6 when C1=0 and C2=1)
return
sqr(Ustar(z0))/sqrt(Cmu_)
*sqrt(C1_*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0) + C2_);
}
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::epsilon(const vectorField& p) const
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::epsilon(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField zGround(zGround_->value(t));
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
return pow3(Ustar(z0))/(kappa_*((zDir() & p) - zGround + z0));
// (YGCJ:Eq. 22; RH:Eq. 8, HW:Eq. 7 when C1=0 and C2=1)
return
pow3(Ustar(z0))/(kappa_*((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0))
*sqrt(C1_*log(((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0)/z0) + C2_);
}
tmp<scalarField> atmBoundaryLayer::omega(const vectorField& pCf) const
{
const scalar t = time_.timeOutputValue();
const scalarField d(d_->value(t));
const scalarField z0(max(z0_->value(t), ROOTVSMALL));
const scalar groundMin = zDir() & ppMin_;
// (YGJ:Eq. 13)
return Ustar(z0)/(kappa_*sqrt(Cmu_)*((zDir() & pCf) - groundMin - d + z0));
}
void atmBoundaryLayer::write(Ostream& os) const
{
z0_->writeData(os) ;
flowDir_.writeData(os);
zDir_.writeData(os);
os.writeEntry("initABL", initABL_);
os.writeEntry("kappa", kappa_);
os.writeEntry("Cmu", Cmu_);
os.writeEntry("C1", C1_);
os.writeEntry("C2", C2_);
flowDir_.writeData(os);
zDir_.writeData(os);
Uref_.writeData(os);
Zref_.writeData(os);
zGround_->writeData(os);
z0_->writeData(os) ;
d_->writeData(os);
}

256
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayer/atmBoundaryLayer.H
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2014-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2015 OpenCFD Ltd.
Copyright (C) 2015-2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -31,84 +31,156 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This class provides functions to evaluate the velocity and turbulence
distributions appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers (ABL).
Base class to set log-law type ground-normal inflow boundary conditions for
wind velocity and turbulence quantities for homogeneous, two-dimensional,
dry-air, equilibrium and neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) modelling.
The profile is derived from the friction velocity, flow direction and
"vertical" direction:
The ground-normal profile expressions are due to \c YGCJ
(refer to references below) whereat \c RH expressions were generalised:
\f[
U = \frac{U^*}{\kappa} ln\left(\frac{z - z_g + z_0}{z_0}\right)
\f]
\f[
u = \frac{u^*}{\kappa} \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right)
\f]
\f[
k = \frac{(U^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_{\mu}}}
\f]
\f[
v = w = 0
\f]
\f[
\epsilon = \frac{(U^*)^3}{\kappa(z - z_g + z_0)}
\f]
\f[
k = \frac{(u^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_\mu}}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
\f[
\epsilon = \frac{(u^*)^3}{\kappa (z - d + z_0)}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
\f[
\omega = \frac{u^*}{\kappa \sqrt{C_\mu}} \frac{1}{z - d + z_0}
\f]
\f[
u^* =
\frac{u_{ref} \kappa}{\ln\left(\frac{z_{ref} + z_0}{z_0}\right)}
\f]
where
\vartable
U^* | Friction velocity
\kappa | von Karman's constant
C_{\mu} | Turbulence viscosity coefficient
z | Vertical coordinate
z_0 | Surface roughness height [m]
z_g | Minimum z-coordinate [m]
\endvartable
and
\f[
U^* = \kappa\frac{U_{ref}}{ln\left(\frac{Z_{ref} + z_0}{z_0}\right)}
\f]
where
\vartable
U_{ref} | Reference velocity at \f$Z_{ref}\f$ [m/s]
Z_{ref} | Reference height [m]
u | Ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile [m/s]
v | Spanwise flow speed [m/s]
w | Ground-normal flow speed [m/s]
k | Ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) profile [m^2/s^2]
\epsilon | Ground-normal TKE dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
\omega | Ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
u_{ref} | Reference mean streamwise wind speed at \f$z_{ref}\f$ [m/s]
z_{ref} | Reference height being used in \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m]
C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
Use in the atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity, atmBoundaryLayerInletK and
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon boundary conditions.
Note
- The \c RH expressions are special cases of those in \c YGCJ when \c C1=0
and \c C2=1. Both \c C1 and \c C2 can be determined by nonlinear fitting
of (\c YGCJ:Eq. 19) with an experimental dataset for \c k. By default,
\c atmBoundaryLayerInlet boundary conditions compute \c RH expressions.
- \c z is the ground-normal height relative to the global minimum height
of the inlet patch; therefore, the minimum of \c z is always zero
irrespective of the absolute z-coordinate of the computational patch.
Reference:
D.M. Hargreaves and N.G. Wright, "On the use of the k-epsilon model
in commercial CFD software to model the neutral atmospheric boundary
layer", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
95(2007), pp 355-369.
\verbatim
The ground-normal profile expressions (tag:RH):
Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993).
Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind
engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model.
In Computational Wind Engineering 1 (pp. 145-153).
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-81688-7.50018-8
Modifications to preserve the profiles downstream (tag:HW):
Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
Journal of wind engineering and
industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
Expression generalisations to allow height
variation for turbulence quantities (tag:YGCJ):
Yang, Y., Gu, M., Chen, S., & Jin, X. (2009).
New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the neutral equilibrium
atmospheric boundary layer in computational wind engineering.
J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(2), 88-95.
DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.12.001
The generalised ground-normal profile expression for omega (tag:YGJ):
Yang, Y., Gu, M., & Jin, X., (2009).
New inflow boundary conditions for modelling the
neutral equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer in SST k-ω model.
In: The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering,
November 8-12, Taipei, Taiwan.
Theoretical remarks (tag:E):
Emeis, S. (2013).
Wind Energy Meteorology: Atmospheric
Physics for Wind Power Generation.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-30523-8
\endverbatim
Usage
\table
Property | Description | Required | Default
flowDir | Flow direction | yes |
zDir | Vertical direction | yes |
kappa | von Karman's constant | no | 0.41
Cmu | Turbulence viscosity coefficient | no | 0.09
Uref | Reference velocity [m/s] | yes |
Zref | Reference height [m] | yes |
z0 | Surface roughness height [m] | yes |
zGround | Minimum z-coordinate [m] | yes |
Property | Description | Type | Req'd | Deflt
flowDir | Flow direction | TimeFunction1<vector> | yes | -
zDir | Ground-normal direction | TimeFunction1<vector> | yes | -
Uref | Reference mean streamwise flow speed being used in <!--
--> \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m/s] | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
Zref | Reference height being used in \f$u^*\f$ estimations [m] <!--
--> | TimeFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
z0 | Surface roughness length [m] <!--
--> | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
d | Displacement height [m] - see Notes <!--
--> | PatchFunction1<scalar> | yes | -
kappa | von Kármán constant | scalar | no | 0.41
Cmu | Empirical model constant | scalar | no | 0.09
initABL | Flag to initialise profiles with the theoretical <!--
--> ABL expressions, otherwise use "value" list <!--
--> | bool | no | true
value | ABL profile content when initABL=false <!--
--> | scalarList | conditional | -
phi | Name of the flux field | word | no | phi
C1 | Curve-fitting coefficient \c YGCJ profiles | scalar | no | 0.0
C2 | Curve-fitting coefficient \c YGCJ profiles | scalar | no | 1.0
\endtable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
{
type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
flowDir (1 0 0);
zDir (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
}
\endverbatim
Note
D.M. Hargreaves and N.G. Wright recommend Gamma epsilon in the
k-epsilon model should be changed from 1.3 to 1.11 for consistency.
The roughness height (Er) is given by Er = 20 z0 following the same
reference.
- The derived ABL expressions automatically satisfy the simplified transport
equation for \c k. Yet the same expressions only satisfy the simplified
transport equation for \c epsilon when the model constants \c sigmaEpsilon
is 1.11 with \c kappa=0.4 (\c HW:p. 358).
- \c atmBoundaryLayerInlet boundary conditions inherit \c inletOutlet
traits, so that a given inlet condition can be supplied from all sides of
the domain, e.g. a ground-normal cylinder domain having a single
inlet/outlet boundary where the changes between inlet and outlet depend
on the wind direction and patch normals, so that any change in inflow
orientation can be handled with the same mesh.
- \c d is the displacement height, and "is relevant for flows over forests
and cities" (E:p. 28). "The displacement height gives the vertical
displacement of the entire flow regime over areas which are densely covered
with obstacles such as trees or buildings" (E:p. 28).
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayer.C
@ -133,7 +205,33 @@ namespace Foam
class atmBoundaryLayer
{
// Private data
protected:
// Protected Data
//- Flag to initialise profiles with the theoretical ABL expressions,
//- otherwise initialises by using "value" entry content
Switch initABL_;
private:
// Private Data
//- von Kármán constant
const scalar kappa_;
//- Empirical model constant
const scalar Cmu_;
//- Curve-fitting coefficient
const scalar C1_;
//- Curve-fitting coefficient
const scalar C2_;
//- Minimum coordinate vector of this patch
const vector ppMin_;
//- Reference to the time database
const Time& time_;
@ -141,29 +239,23 @@ class atmBoundaryLayer
//- Reference to the patch
const polyPatch& patch_;
//- Flow direction
//- Streamwise flow direction
TimeFunction1<vector> flowDir_;
//- Direction of the z-coordinate
//- Direction of the ground-normal coordinate
TimeFunction1<vector> zDir_;
//- Von Karman constant
const scalar kappa_;
//- Turbulent viscosity coefficient
const scalar Cmu_;
//- Reference velocity
//- Reference mean streamwise flow speed being used in Ustar estimations
TimeFunction1<scalar> Uref_;
//- Reference height
//- Reference height being used in Ustar estimations
TimeFunction1<scalar> Zref_;
//- Surface roughness height
//- Surface roughness length
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> z0_;
//- Minimum coordinate value in z direction
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> zGround_;
//- Displacement height
autoPtr<PatchFunction1<scalar>> d_;
public:
@ -193,14 +285,14 @@ public:
atmBoundaryLayer(const atmBoundaryLayer&);
// Member functions
// Member Functions
// Access
//- Return flow direction
vector flowDir() const;
//- Return z-direction
//- Return the ground-normal direction
vector zDir() const;
//- Return friction velocity
@ -219,14 +311,16 @@ public:
// Evaluate functions
//- Return the velocity distribution for the ATM
tmp<vectorField> U(const vectorField& p) const;
tmp<vectorField> U(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the turbulent kinetic energy distribution for the ATM
tmp<scalarField> k(const vectorField& p) const;
tmp<scalarField> k(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the turbulent dissipation rate distribution for the ATM
tmp<scalarField> epsilon(const vectorField& p) const;
tmp<scalarField> epsilon(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Return the specific dissipation rate distribution for the ATM
tmp<scalarField> omega(const vectorField& pCf) const;
//- Write
void write(Ostream&) const;

6
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
View File

@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ License
#include "atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
#include "turbulenceModel.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
@ -68,13 +69,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (dict.found("value"))
if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
@ -148,8 +150,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}

70
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon/atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.H
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -30,28 +31,74 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition specifies an inlet value for the turbulence
dissipation, \f$\epsilon\f$, appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers.
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, i.e.
\c epsilon, for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and
neutral atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
The ground-normal \c epsilon profile expression:
\f[
\epsilon = \frac{(u^*)^3}{\kappa (z - d + z_0)}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
where
\vartable
\epsilon | Ground-normal TKE dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
epsilon | Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate [m^2/s^3]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon;
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
d uniform 0.0;
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField.C
@ -104,7 +151,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
// atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField&,
@ -142,12 +189,11 @@ public:
}
// Member functions
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
// Mapping functions
//- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object

5
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
View File

@ -68,13 +68,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (dict.found("value"))
if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}

68
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletK/atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.H
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2014-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -30,28 +31,71 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition specifies an inlet value for the turbulence
kinetic energy, \f$k\f$, appropriate for atmospheric boundary layers.
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy, i.e. \c k,
for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
The ground-normal \c k profile expression:
\f[
k = \frac{(u^*)^2}{\sqrt{C_\mu}}
\sqrt{C_1 \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right) + C_2}
\f]
where
\vartable
k | Ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
C_1 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
C_2 | Curve-fitting coefficient for \c YGCJ profiles [-]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
k | Turbulent kinetic energy [m^2/s^2]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletK;
z (0 0 1);
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
d uniform 0.0;
flowDir (1 0 0); // not used
z (0 0 1); // not used
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletK
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField.C
@ -104,7 +148,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
// atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField&,
@ -142,7 +186,7 @@ public:
}
// Member functions
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();

169
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "surfaceFields.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
atmBoundaryLayer(iF.time(), p.patch())
{}
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
const dictionary& dict
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
atmBoundaryLayer(iF.time(), p.patch(), dict)
{
phiName_ = dict.getOrDefault<word>("phi", "phi");
refValue() = omega(patch().Cf());
refGrad() = 0;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (!initABL_)
{
scalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
scalarField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& psf,
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(psf, p, iF, mapper),
atmBoundaryLayer(psf, p, mapper)
{}
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& psf,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField(psf, iF),
atmBoundaryLayer(psf)
{}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
{
if (updated())
{
return;
}
refValue() = omega(patch().Cf());
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
}
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
(
const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
)
{
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
atmBoundaryLayer::autoMap(m);
}
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::rmap
(
const fvPatchScalarField& psf,
const labelList& addr
)
{
inletOutletFvPatchScalarField::rmap(psf, addr);
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField& blpsf =
refCast<const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField>(psf);
atmBoundaryLayer::rmap(blpsf, addr);
}
void atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
makePatchTypeField
(
fvPatchScalarField,
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
);
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace Foam
// ************************************************************************* //

223
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega/atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.H Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
========= |
\\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox
\\ / O peration |
\\ / A nd | www.openfoam.com
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
OpenFOAM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OpenFOAM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Class
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for specific dissipation rate, i.e. \c omega,
for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
The ground-normal \c omega profile expression:
\f[
\omega = \frac{u^*}{\kappa \sqrt{C_\mu}} \frac{1}{z - d + z_0}
\f]
where
\vartable
\omega | Ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile [m^2/s^3]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
C_\mu | Empirical model constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
omega | Specific dissipation rate [1/s]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega;
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
d uniform 0.0;
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform 0; // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVelocityField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField.C
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#ifndef atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField_H
#define atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField_H
#include "fvPatchFields.H"
#include "inletOutletFvPatchFields.H"
#include "atmBoundaryLayer.H"
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
namespace Foam
{
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
Class atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField Declaration
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
class atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
:
public inletOutletFvPatchScalarField,
public atmBoundaryLayer
{
public:
//- Runtime type information
TypeName("atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega");
// Constructors
//- Construct from patch and internal field
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
);
//- Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
const dictionary&
);
//- Construct by mapping given
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField&,
const fvPatch&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&,
const fvPatchFieldMapper&
);
//- Construct and return a clone
virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone() const
{
return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
(
new atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField(*this)
);
}
//- Construct as copy setting internal field reference
atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField&,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>&
);
//- Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference
virtual tmp<fvPatchScalarField> clone
(
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
) const
{
return tmp<fvPatchScalarField>
(
new atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField(*this, iF)
);
}
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();
// Mapping functions
//- Map (and resize as needed) from self given a mapping object
virtual void autoMap
(
const fvPatchFieldMapper&
);
//- Reverse map the given fvPatchField onto this fvPatchField
virtual void rmap
(
const fvPatchScalarField&,
const labelList&
);
//- Write
virtual void write(Ostream&) const;
};
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
} // End namespace Foam
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
#endif
// ************************************************************************* //

5
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
View File

@ -68,13 +68,14 @@ atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
refGrad() = Zero;
valueFraction() = 1;
if (dict.found("value"))
if (!initABL_)
{
vectorField::operator=(vectorField("value", dict, p.size()));
}
else
{
vectorField::operator=(refValue());
initABL_ = false;
}
}
@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ void atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField::rmap
void atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField::write(Ostream& os) const
{
fvPatchVectorField::write(os);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
os.writeEntryIfDifferent<word>("phi", "phi", phiName_);
atmBoundaryLayer::write(os);
writeEntry("value", os);
}

73
src/atmosphericModels/derivedFvPatchFields/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity/atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.H
View File

@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
\\/ M anipulation |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (C) 2011-2018 OpenFOAM Foundation
Copyright (C) 2020 OpenCFD Ltd.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
License
This file is part of OpenFOAM.
@ -30,29 +31,77 @@ Group
grpRASBoundaryConditions grpInletBoundaryConditions
Description
This boundary condition specifies a velocity inlet profile appropriate
for atmospheric boundary layers (ABL).
This boundary condition provides a log-law type ground-normal inflow
boundary condition for streamwise component of wind velocity, i.e. \c u,
for homogeneous, two-dimensional, dry-air, equilibrium and neutral
atmospheric boundary layer modelling.
See Foam::atmBoundaryLayer for details.
The ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile expression:
\f[
u = \frac{u^*}{\kappa} \ln \left( \frac{z - d + z_0}{z_0} \right)
\f]
\f[
v = w = 0
\f]
where
\vartable
u | Ground-normal streamwise flow speed profile [m/s]
v | Spanwise flow speed [m/s]
w | Ground-normal flow speed [m/s]
u^* | Friction velocity [m/s]
\kappa | von Kármán constant [-]
z | Ground-normal coordinate component [m]
d | Ground-normal displacement height [m]
z_0 | Aerodynamic roughness length [m]
\endvartable
Usage
\heading Required fields
\plaintable
U | Velocity [m/s]
\endplaintable
Example of the boundary condition specification:
\verbatim
ground
inlet
{
// Mandatory entries (unmodifiable)
type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
n (1 0 0);
// Mandatory (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
flowDir (1 0 0);
z (0 0 1);
Uref 10.0;
Zref 20.0;
Zref 0.0;
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 0.0;
d uniform 0.0;
// Optional (inherited) entries (unmodifiable)
kappa 0.41;
Cmu 0.09;
initABL true;
phi phi;
C1 0.0;
C2 1.0;
// Conditional mandatory (inherited) entries (runtime modifiable)
value uniform (0 0 0); // when initABL=false
}
\endverbatim
The inherited entries are elaborated in:
- \link atmBoundaryLayer.H \endlink
- \link inletOutletFvPatchField.H \endlink
See also
Foam::atmBoundaryLayer,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField,
Foam::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletKFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilonFvPatchScalarField
- Foam::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletOmegaFvPatchScalarField
- ExtendedCodeGuide::atmBoundaryLayer::atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity
SourceFiles
atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField.C
@ -105,7 +154,7 @@ public:
);
//- Construct by mapping given
// atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField onto a new patch
//- atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField onto a new patch
atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField
(
const atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocityFvPatchVectorField&,
@ -143,7 +192,7 @@ public:
}
// Member functions
// Member Functions
//- Update the coefficients associated with the patch field
virtual void updateCoeffs();

1
tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/U
View File

@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ FoamFile
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volVectorField;
location "0";
object U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

1
tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/epsilon
View File

@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ FoamFile
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object epsilon;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

2
tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/include/ABLConditions
View File

@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ Zref 20;
zDir (0 0 1);
flowDir (1 0 0);
z0 uniform 0.1;
zGround uniform 935.0;
d uniform 0.0;
// ************************************************************************* //

1
tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/0.orig/nut
View File

@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ FoamFile
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
location "0";
object nut;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //

13
tutorials/incompressible/simpleFoam/turbineSiting/Allrun
View File

@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Make dummy 0 directory
rm -rf 0
mkdir 0
restore0Dir
runApplication blockMesh
cp system/decomposeParDict.hierarchical system/decomposeParDict
cp -f system/decomposeParDict.hierarchical system/decomposeParDict
runApplication decomposePar
cp system/decomposeParDict.ptscotch system/decomposeParDict
cp -f system/decomposeParDict.ptscotch system/decomposeParDict
runParallel snappyHexMesh -overwrite
find . -iname '*level*' -type f -delete
@ -20,9 +21,11 @@ find . -iname '*level*' -type f -delete
restore0Dir -processor
runParallel topoSet
runParallel $(getApplication)
runApplication reconstructParMesh -constant
runApplication reconstructPar
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

51
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6a
5.91040498512291, 0.1664466550044139
6.231131486544684, 0.20004461022864461
6.510015557466532, 0.19864177284976137
6.802843831934471, 0.19716879360193929
7.332743206409284, 0.264925839001954
7.806875586561379, 0.3681746700877184
8.25311955962129, 0.4715637849113534
8.62964251495074, 0.5753036090797181
9.034053877372374, 0.678903149510198
9.522159920655517, 0.8877154933568576
9.996321760392572, 1.0965979790724703
10.37987573666498, 1.4115700415660655
10.833170370391153, 1.7966138311348487
11.23767993142931, 2.2523255536648463
11.670146638591216, 2.9543755199266144
12.060820014561454, 3.797480784635006
12.535286270009722, 5.097911034859102
12.884235053819857, 6.328550125483808
13.135525313499084, 7.3836241181413556
13.38685485262492, 8.579542983638703
13.582407577566388, 9.775742416611841
13.791924145777251, 11.042294144135937
13.931660777087739, 12.09792927174503
14.057492484298745, 13.294479414062891
14.18332419150975, 14.491029556380738
14.330111483486501, 15.828319358734987
14.448990728647765, 17.09532700840721
14.61685144373009, 18.99589108931726
14.756823751720233, 20.896595453965197
14.875761916051404, 22.37487041289713
15.001799840357107, 24.310856137623965
15.113873921393413, 26.176489567799837
15.239960945007372, 28.28853138357643
15.345131663302196, 30.400678412156434
15.457294123093371, 32.58321280622188
15.527476674321482, 34.237789352744855
15.611672168127257, 36.13877428486858
15.702849583567724, 38.07493536426778
15.766060033022793, 39.72954698172525
15.843312884640476, 41.73620063941329
15.906533153957195, 43.42602347508071
15.969841802028782, 45.43274727463769
16.03311117065377, 47.29862620135487
16.089418257367353, 49.199751417216476

50
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6c
0.0020701794999818555, 49.592305129990216
0.002126271773891171, 48.292814797999284
0.002164558818180094, 47.16429009397673
0.0022035486578201443, 45.96736595968585
0.002263213410047251, 44.873073918499905
0.0023244936848750017, 43.77878187731396
0.002387462205022902, 42.54769097559135
0.0024740215292696124, 41.179834161034535
0.0025410406291819093, 39.948743259311925
0.002633152079108662, 38.64928587502344
0.0027286108031715625, 37.31562877560078
0.0028401715363583204, 35.70839042895602
0.0029826690252419655, 33.99858588461122
0.003132287402529308, 32.391380485668904
0.0033188290732853176, 30.442210883087387
0.003595390196335023, 28.390524504359476
0.003895115615003372, 25.99684097428992
0.004372395839556802, 23.329691513956814
0.004908099067927725, 20.799340914160364
0.0053644197877401765, 18.884486343671554
0.0057596497045315715, 17.721959610729485
0.006351093794633881, 16.08073570901643
0.0069412791686608594, 14.644677150405933
0.007791105651922957, 13.003519144097766
0.008667461744937913, 11.704325341428799
0.009815095638299107, 10.336798003896376
0.011164037426490142, 9.037686570483537
0.012698101857369398, 7.977973143009834
0.01489867869651591, 6.81577588709218
0.017636199130990377, 5.790410439413613
0.020876528350971663, 4.86764413713756
0.02549155925888904, 4.013392582088372
0.03210854870598559, 3.193456059131897
0.04246543677826559, 2.476299893941352
0.05793424483227349, 1.8276584759776568
0.07527116643710868, 1.4866332818580332
0.10592731524255083, 1.043305471657888
0.14840638796815175, 0.805159478411511
0.21543066611772452, 0.6697444213773878
0.30316307258220004, 0.5000143322505579
0.4519488475844894, 0.4330975485920945
0.6531567674299283, 0.29766601770675294
0.9565872888053345, 0.19648362350923776

75
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-2500 Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6b - 2500
1.2900874635568513, 49.577353047723314
1.2896015549076774, 48.40818131143202
1.2905733722060253, 47.65161419254281
1.2905733722060253, 46.68875311964047
1.291059280855199, 45.313220591832724
1.292031098153547, 44.212774518335536
1.292031098153547, 43.249913445433194
1.292517006802721, 42.14948408131183
1.2930029154518952, 40.98027892626888
1.2930029154518952, 39.74231468968016
1.2930029154518952, 38.64190203493463
1.2930029154518952, 37.67904096203229
1.2934888241010691, 36.372284225146146
1.2934888241010691, 34.92799261579263
1.2939747327502429, 33.655623774367285
1.293488824101069, 32.52083993353679
1.2934888241010691, 31.351651487869663
1.293488824101069, 30.216850937663335
1.293002915451895, 29.116454992293637
1.2925170068027212, 27.500240615011972
1.292031098153547, 26.124741505955893
1.2910592808551993, 24.64609541989325
1.290087463556851, 23.064285647448216
1.2881438289601554, 21.344957711911654
1.2866861030126335, 20.141431498911224
1.2857142857142856, 18.559621726466183
1.2837706511175897, 17.218560640998398
1.28134110787172, 15.705576787602446
1.2784256559766762, 13.986282270817554
1.2759961127308066, 12.576462103803983
1.2740524781341107, 11.132237331953803
1.2725947521865888, 9.894323223492584
1.2696793002915452, 8.243804497629263
1.2696793002915452, 6.455633933667784
1.2701652089407192, 5.01132561493845
1.2716229348882409, 3.7045354593006437
1.2779397473275025, 2.569517687208503
1.2881438289601554, 1.7438572992569021
1.303692905733722, 1.2962799582399285
1.324101068999028, 1.0204750007686414
1.3479105928085517, 0.8821046595097073
1.3639455782312924, 0.8471653546464779
1.381438289601555, 0.743400130734166
1.4086491739552964, 0.6736886147660073
1.4329446064139941, 0.6040773550528584
1.4514091350826042, 0.5346666078496725
1.4747327502429544, 0.533864557809764
1.4941690962099123, 0.533196182776507
1.5155490767735667, 0.5324609702399243
1.5388726919339164, 0.49727102473924845
1.5573372206025267, 0.46224817299683707
1.5777453838678328, 0.4271584837511426
1.5991253644314867, 0.3920353757537569
1.6214771622934887, 0.39126674446553267
1.6404275996112732, 0.39061507880812485
1.6637512147716227, 0.38981302876820223
1.6875607385811464, 0.38899426935246595
1.7089407191448005, 0.35387116135510155
1.727405247813411, 0.3876241005343033
1.748785228377065, 0.3181130970761288
1.7759961127308066, 0.3171773720295761
1.8032069970845481, 0.3162416469830234
1.8304178814382892, 0.3153059219364778
1.8624878522837705, 0.3142031031316108
1.899416909620991, 0.3129331905684367
1.933430515063168, 0.31176353426025116
1.9620991253644315, 0.2763897856253976
1.9839650145772594, 0.27563786371298704

85
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-HW-Fig6b-4000 Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6b - 4000
1.274623968947113, 49.543199450483584
1.2755943716642406, 48.54523075114714
1.2755943716642406, 47.306414508889745
1.2760795730228045, 46.03317000781064
1.2760795730228045, 44.82876532783818
1.2760795730228045, 43.65877221015063
1.2765647743813684, 42.38552770907153
1.2765647743813684, 41.14671146681413
1.2770499757399323, 39.907878528019964
1.2770499757399323, 38.703473848047494
1.2770499757399323, 37.499069168075025
1.2770499757399323, 36.08819511439299
1.2770499757399323, 34.952613558990365
1.2775351770984957, 33.78260374476606
1.2770499757399323, 32.578215761330355
1.277049975739932, 31.304987956788032
1.2765647743813684, 29.99736528649755
1.2765647743813684, 28.861783731094935
1.2760795730228045, 27.554161060804454
1.2755943716642406, 26.315361515083826
1.274623968947113, 24.973343979045183
1.274623968947113, 23.768939299072716
1.2736535662299855, 22.495744887603927
1.2731683648714216, 21.39459159102301
1.2721979621542938, 20.052574054984376
1.2712275594371665, 18.81379120580052
1.2702571567200387, 17.609419918901587
1.2692867540029111, 16.301813945147877
1.2688015526443472, 15.097425961712162
1.2678311499272197, 13.824231550243383
1.2663755458515285, 12.585465397596302
1.2658903444929646, 11.346665851875684
1.2658903444929646, 10.039026485048431
1.2658903444929646, 8.834621805075933
1.2658903444929646, 7.561394000533639
1.2668607472100921, 6.391367489772541
1.2692867540029111, 5.2901140139709995
1.2712275594371665, 4.0856425478514495
1.2760795730228045, 3.018717151650982
1.2852983988355167, 2.1236992980442153
1.2954876273653566, 1.5383521119282548
1.3066472586123243, 1.3314987178729467
1.3158660844250365, 1.1247121099647401
1.328481319747695, 1.0210433131539034
1.341581756428918, 0.9517693820912356
1.3575934012615236, 0.8823952718079369
1.3716642406598738, 0.8130879476717325
1.3876758854924793, 0.7781253996733568
1.4056283357593402, 0.7086845032429778
1.4201843765162545, 0.6393604825699981
1.432799611838913, 0.6389263726139447
1.4468704512372634, 0.6384421730475864
1.4619116933527414, 0.6035130181227615
1.4793789422610382, 0.5340888182291508
1.495390587093644, 0.5335378325157123
1.5080058224163029, 0.5331037225596802
1.5308102862688013, 0.4979074230465059
1.549247937894226, 0.4628613923642817
1.5657447840853955, 0.46229371011408205
1.5822416302765647, 0.4617260278638611
1.6026200873362444, 0.4266132110345495
1.6200873362445416, 0.39160057342586185
1.6424065987384764, 0.3908325327344002
1.6618146530810287, 0.39016467126356247
1.680737506065017, 0.389513506329493
1.6996603590490054, 0.3888623413954235
1.7229500242600682, 0.38806090763041823
1.7462396894711305, 0.3528479115804899
1.7656477438136826, 0.35218005010965925
1.7889374090247454, 0.35137861634463263
1.8131974769529355, 0.35054378950608367
1.8316351285783603, 0.3499093211087967
1.8510431829209124, 0.34924145963795894
1.8685104318292094, 0.3486403843142014
1.8898592916060166, 0.3134941744113604
1.913148956817079, 0.312692740646348
1.950024260067928, 0.31142380385176693
1.977195536147501, 0.27607723550765684

9
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/k-RH-Fig6b Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6b
1.3027210884353742, 0.3334523040892563
1.3027210884353742, 49.164263858422125

51
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-2500 Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6d - 2500
1.091431306845383, 0.577445652173914
2.4700813786500753, 1.3247282608695627
3.848731450454764, 2.0720108695652186
5.3997127812350385, 2.955163043478258
6.95069411201532, 3.7703804347826093
8.788894207754907, 4.789402173913047
10.971756821445666, 5.944293478260867
12.924844423168985, 7.03125
14.935375777884154, 8.118206521739125
17.290569650550502, 9.408967391304344
20.105313547151752, 10.9375
22.69028243178554, 12.398097826086953
25.102920057443754, 13.620923913043477
27.63044518908569, 15.08152173913043
30.617520344662523, 16.67798913043478
33.3748204882719, 18.172554347826086
35.84490186692197, 19.49728260869565
38.659645763523216, 21.0258152173913
41.18717089516515, 22.452445652173914
43.48492101483963, 23.743206521739125
46.127333652465296, 25.13586956521739
48.310196266156055, 26.324728260869563
50.37817137386308, 27.445652173913043
52.561033987553856, 28.702445652173914
54.51412158927717, 29.789402173913043
56.58209669698421, 30.978260869565215
58.42029679272379, 31.9633152173913
60.258496888463384, 33.05027173913044
62.15414073719482, 34.06929347826087
63.8774533269507, 35.05434782608695
65.5433221637147, 36.03940217391305
67.15174724748682, 37.02445652173913
69.10483484921015, 38.11141304347826
70.94303494494973, 39.19836956521739
72.32168501675443, 40.047554347826086
74.27477261847774, 41.202445652173914
76.11297271421732, 42.255434782608695
77.95117280995692, 43.34239130434783
79.55959789372905, 44.327445652173914
81.22546673049307, 45.346467391304344
83.1211105792245, 46.56929347826087
84.67209191000478, 47.452445652173914
86.16562948779321, 48.40353260869565
87.8314983245572, 49.49048913043478

65
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-4000 Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6d - 4000
0.7467687888942081, 0.5095108695652186
1.7807563427477255, 1.188858695652172
3.1594064145524143, 2.0040760869565233
4.8827190043082815, 2.955163043478258
6.376256582096698, 3.702445652173914
8.099569171852565, 4.721467391304351
9.593106749640981, 5.502717391304344
11.431306845380568, 6.555706521739133
13.039731929152708, 7.404891304347821
14.360938247965535, 8.118206521739125
15.797032072762086, 8.865489130434781
17.63523216850168, 9.884510869565212
18.898994734322642, 10.631793478260867
20.392532312111058, 11.345108695652172
21.886069889899474, 12.194293478260867
23.37960746768789, 12.975543478260867
24.873145045476306, 13.824728260869563
26.65390138822403, 14.70788043478261
28.20488271900431, 15.557065217391298
29.640976543800853, 16.37228260869565
31.134514121589277, 17.119565217391298
32.62805169937769, 18.002717391304344
34.29392053614169, 18.851902173913047
35.78745811393011, 19.63315217391304
37.28099569171853, 20.482336956521735
38.831977022498805, 21.33152173913043
40.44040210627094, 22.18070652173913
41.93393968405937, 23.09782608695652
43.48492101483963, 24.048913043478258
45.03590234561992, 24.864130434782606
46.471996170416475, 25.679347826086953
48.022977501196735, 26.4945652173913
49.516515078985165, 27.377717391304348
51.01005265677358, 28.226902173913043
52.618477740545714, 29.144021739130434
53.99712781235041, 29.99320652173913
55.605552896122546, 30.842391304347824
57.21397797989468, 31.725543478260867
58.59262805169938, 32.57472826086956
60.02872187649592, 33.42391304347826
61.57970320727621, 34.341032608695656
63.01579703207277, 35.224184782608695
64.6242221158449, 36.17527173913044
66.0028721876496, 36.99048913043478
67.55385351842988, 37.87364130434783
68.93250359023456, 38.82472826086956
70.31115366203926, 39.63994565217391
71.86213499281952, 40.59103260869565
73.29822881761608, 41.474184782608695
74.67687888942078, 42.42527173913044
76.11297271421732, 43.34239130434783
77.54906653901388, 44.25951086956522
78.92771661081856, 45.21059782608695
80.30636668262328, 46.09375
81.68501675442796, 47.01086956521739
83.06366682623265, 47.961956521739125
84.38487314504546, 48.91304347826087
85.59119195787459, 49.76222826086956

43
tutorials/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007/mut-RH-Fig6d Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Fig. 6d
1.2063188128291067, 0.6453804347826093
3.6189564384873165, 1.936141304347828
5.801819052178079, 3.0910326086956488
8.099569171852565, 4.449728260869563
10.741981809478219, 5.842391304347821
13.097175682144567, 7.1331521739130395
15.165150789851609, 8.254076086956516
17.46290090952609, 9.544836956521735
19.932982288176163, 10.835597826086953
22.805169937769264, 12.398097826086953
25.67735758736238, 13.960597826086953
28.319770224988034, 15.455163043478258
30.962182862613687, 16.813858695652172
33.489707994255625, 18.24048913043478
35.67257060794638, 19.39538043478261
37.97032072762087, 20.686141304347824
40.26807084729536, 21.976902173913043
42.967927237912875, 23.403532608695652
45.55289612254667, 24.728260869565215
47.7932024892293, 26.05298913043478
50.20584011488751, 27.377717391304348
52.7908089995213, 28.77038043478261
55.72044040210628, 30.4008152173913
59.052178075634274, 32.13315217391304
61.86692197223552, 33.661684782608695
64.73910962182862, 35.224184782608695
67.32407850646241, 36.71875
70.02393489707994, 38.17934782608695
72.43657252273816, 39.43614130434783
74.61943513642892, 40.692934782608695
77.14696026807086, 42.08559782608695
79.90426041168023, 43.58016304347826
82.77644806127334, 45.14266304347826
85.99329822881762, 46.908967391304344
88.75059837242699, 48.40353260869565
91.16323599808521, 49.69429347826087

66
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volVectorField;
object U;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform (0 0 0);
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity;
#include "include/ABLConditions"
value uniform (0 0 0);
}
ground
{
type noSlip;
}
top
{
// (HW:p. 365):
// "In addition, as suggested by RH and often ignored by others, a"
// "constant shear stress of rho*(u^*)^2 was applied at the top boundary."
//
// u^* ~ Uref*kappa/ln((Zref+z0)/z0)
// (HW:Table 1):
// Uref = 10 m/s
// Zref = 6 m
// z0 = 0.01 m
// tau = rho*(u^*)^2 = 0.390796574
type fixedShearStress;
tau (0.390796574 0 0);
value uniform (0 0 0);
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue uniform (0 0 0);
value $internalField;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

59
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object epsilon;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 2 -3 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 0.01;
boundaryField
{
#include "include/ABLConditions"
inlet
{
type atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon;
#include "include/ABLConditions"
value uniform 0;
}
ground
{
type epsilonWallFunction;
Cmu $Cmu;
kappa $kappa;
value $internalField;
}
top
{
type zeroGradient;
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

19
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/0.orig/include/ABLConditions Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
kappa 0.40; // (HW:p. 358)
Cmu 0.09; // (HW:p. 358)
flowDir (1 0 0); // (HW:Fig. 1)
zDir (0 0 1); // (HW:Fig. 1)
Uref 10.0; // (HW:Table 1)
Zref 6.0; // (HW:Table 1)
z0 uniform 0.01; // (HW:Table 1)
d uniform 0.0;
// ************************************************************************* //

55
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object k;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 1.3; // (HW:Eq. 6)
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type atmBoundaryLayerInletK;
#include "include/ABLConditions"
value uniform 0;
}
ground
{
type kqRWallFunction;
value uniform 0.0;
}
top
{
type zeroGradient;
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

59
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object nut;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 2 -1 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 0;
boundaryField
{
#include "include/ABLConditions"
inlet
{
type calculated;
value uniform 0;
}
ground
{
type nutkAtmRoughWallFunction;
kappa $kappa;
Cmu $Cmu;
z0 $z0;
value uniform 0.0;
}
top
{
type calculated;
value uniform 0;
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
}
outlet
{
type calculated;
value uniform 0;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

59
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object omega;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 0 -1 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 0.0007;
boundaryField
{
#include "include/ABLConditions"
inlet
{
type atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega;
#include "include/ABLConditions"
value uniform 0;
}
ground
{
type omegaWallFunction;
Cmu $Cmu;
kappa $kappa;
value $internalField;
}
top
{
type zeroGradient;
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
}
outlet
{
type inletOutlet;
inletValue $internalField;
value $internalField;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

51
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class volScalarField;
object p;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
dimensions [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
internalField uniform 0;
boundaryField
{
inlet
{
type zeroGradient;
}
ground
{
type zeroGradient;
}
top
{
type zeroGradient;
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
}
outlet
{
type uniformFixedValue;
uniformValue constant 0;
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

12
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/Allclean Executable file
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#!/bin/sh
cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/CleanFunctions # Tutorial clean functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cleanCase0
rm -rf plots
rm -f constant/turbulenceProperties
rm -rf system/atm-HargreavesWright-2007
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21
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#!/bin/sh
cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
restore0Dir
cp -rf $FOAM_TUTORIALS/resources/dataset/atm-HargreavesWright-2007 system/.
rasModel="kEpsilon" # Tested options="kOmegaSST","kEpsilon"
sed "s|RAS_MODEL|$rasModel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.template > \
constant/turbulenceProperties
runApplication blockMesh
runApplication renumberMesh -overwrite
runApplication $(getApplication)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21
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#!/bin/sh
cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
restore0Dir
rasModel="kEpsilon" # Tested options="kOmegaSST","kEpsilon"
sed "s|RAS_MODEL|$rasModel|g" constant/turbulenceProperties.template > \
constant/turbulenceProperties
runApplication blockMesh
runApplication decomposePar
runParallel renumberMesh -overwrite
runParallel $(getApplication)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Overview
"By setting appropriate profiles for wind velocity and the turbulence
quantities at the inlet, it is often assumed that the boundary layer will
be maintained up to the buildings or obstructions in the flow." (HW:p. 355).
However, it was quantified by (HW:p. 355) that "even in the absence of
obstructions, ..., the velocity and turbulence profiles decay along the
fetch" (HW:p. 355). It was shown by (HW:p. 355) that a set of modifications
were required to maintain a neutral atmospheric boundary layer throughout
an empty and long computational domain of a RANS computation.
Aim:
Verification of the following boundary conditions in terms of the
maintenance of inlet quantities downstream within a RANS computation:
- atmBoundaryLayerInletVelocity
- atmBoundaryLayerInletK
- atmBoundaryLayerInletEpsilon
- atmBoundaryLayerInletOmega
Benchmark (Physical phenomenon):
The benchmark is an empty fetch computational domain, steady-state
RANS simulation involving the following traits:
- External flow
- The surface layer portion of the neutral-stratified equilibrium
atmospheric boundary layer (no Ekman layer)
- Dry air
- Homogeneous, smooth terrain
- Spatiotemporal-invariant aerodynamic roughness length
- No displacement height
- Newtonian, single-phase, incompressible, non-reacting
Benchmark scenario:
- Computational domain: (HW:Fig. 1)
- Benchmark dataset: (HW:Fig. 6) (Obtained by the WebPlotDigitizer-4.2
(Rohatgi, 2019))
Resources:
Computational study (tag:HW):
Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
Journal of wind engineering and
industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
Wind profile (tag:RQP):
Richards, P. J., Quinn, A. D., & Parker, S. (2002).
A 6 m cube in an atmospheric boundary layer flow-Part 2.
Computational solutions. Wind and structures, 5(2_3_4), 177-192.
DOI:10.12989/was.2002.5.2_3_4.177
Physical modelling:
- The governing equations for:
- Steady-state, Newtonian, single-phase, incompressible fluid flows,
excluding any thermal chemical, electromagnetic and scalar
interactions
- Mathematical approach for the turbulence modelling:
- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation (RANS)
- Turbulence closure model:
- kEpsilon and kOmegaSST linear eddy viscosity closure models
- The sets of input (HW:Table 1):
- Reference height, Zref = 6 [m]
- Aerodynamic roughness height, z0 = 0.01 [m]
- Displacement height, d = 0 [m]
- Reference mean wind speed, Uref = 10 [m/s]
Computational domain modelling:
- Rectangular prism
- (x1, x2, x3)
= (5000, 100, 500) [m]
= (streamwise, spanwise, ground-normal) directions
Computational domain discretisation:
- Spatial resolution:
- (x1, x2, x3) = (500, 5, 50) [cells]
- Refer to the `system/blockMeshDict` for the grading details
- Temporal resolution: Steady state
Equation discretisation:
- Spatial derivatives and variables:
- Convection: Second order
- Others: Second order with various limiters
- Temporal derivatives and variables: First order
Numerical boundary/initial conditions:
- Refer to `0.orig`
Pressure-velocity coupling algorithm:
- SIMPLEC
Linear solvers:
- Refer to `system/fvSolution`
Initialisation and sampling:
- No initialisation/averaging
- Sampling at the end of the simulation via `system/sampleDict`
- Refer to `system/controlDict` for further details
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/transportProperties Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object transportProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
transportModel Newtonian;
nu 1.5e-05;
// ************************************************************************* //

42
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/constant/turbulenceProperties.template Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object turbulenceProperties;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
simulationType RAS;
RAS
{
RASModel RAS_MODEL;
turbulence on;
printCoeffs on;
RAS_MODELCoeffs // Valid only for epsilon-based models
{
Cmu 0.09;
C1 1.44;
C2 1.92;
sigmaEps 1.11; //Original value:1.44
// See p. 358:
// Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
// On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
// to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
// Journal of wind engineering and
// industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
// DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

339
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#!/bin/sh
cd "${0%/*}" || exit # Run from this directory
. ${WM_PROJECT_DIR:?}/bin/tools/RunFunctions # Tutorial run functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Postprocess according to the existence of "epsilon" or "omega"
baseEpsilonOrOmega="epsilon" # options: "epsilon", "omega".
# Note: Benchmark data is available for the standard k-epsilon model from:
# Hargreaves, D. M., & Wright, N. G. (2007).
# On the use of the k–ε model in commercial CFD software
# to model the neutral atmospheric boundary layer.
# Journal of wind engineering and
# industrial aerodynamics, 95(5), 355-369.
# DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
# Figure 6.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
plotUxUpstream() {
timeDir=$1
zMin=$2
echo " Plotting the ground-normal flow speed profile (upstream)."
outName="plots/Ux_upstream.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_UX_UPSTREAM
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [4:18]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key top left
set xlabel "Ux [m s^{-1}]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_U.xy"
inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_U.xy"
plot \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
inp0 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
inp1 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440"
PLT_UX_UPSTREAM
}
plotUxMid() {
timeDir=$1
zMin=$2
echo " Plotting the ground-normal flow speed profile (mid-range)."
outName="plots/Ux_mid.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_UX_MID
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [4:18]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key top left
set xlabel "Ux [m s^{-1}]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_U.xy"
inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_U.xy"
plot \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
inp2 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
inp3 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00"
PLT_UX_MID
}
plotUxDownstream() {
timeDir=$1
zMin=$2
echo " Plotting the ground-normal flow speed profile (downstream)."
outName="plots/Ux_downstream.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_UX_DOWNSTREAM
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [4:18]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key top left
set xlabel "Ux [m s^{-1}]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_U.xy"
inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_U.xy"
plot \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/Ux-HW-RH-Fig6a" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
inp4 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
inp5 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
PLT_UX_DOWNSTREAM
}
plotK() {
timeDir=$1
items=$2
seq=$3
zMin=$4
echo " Plotting the ground-normal turbulent kinetic energy profile."
outName="plots/k.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_K
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [1:2]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key top right
set xlabel "k [m^2 s^{-2}]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
plot \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/k-RH-Fig6b" \
u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/k-HW-Fig6b-2500" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/k-HW-Fig6b-4000" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
inp0 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
inp1 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
inp2 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
inp3 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
inp4 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
inp5 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
PLT_K
}
plotEpsilon() {
timeDir=$1
items=$2
zMin=$3
echo " Plotting the ground-normal turbulent kinetic"\
"energy dissipation rate profile."
outName="plots/epsilon.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_EPSILON
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [0.001:10]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key top right
set xlabel "epsilon [m^2 s^{-3}]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set logscale x
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
plot \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c" \
u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/epsilon-HW-RH-Fig6c" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
inp0 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
inp1 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
inp2 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
inp3 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
inp4 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
inp5 u 2:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
PLT_EPSILON
}
plotOmega() {
timeDir=$1
items=$2
zMin=$3
echo " Plotting the ground-normal specific dissipation rate profile."
outName="plots/omega.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_OMEGA
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [0.001:10]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key top right
set xlabel "omega [s^{-1}]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set logscale x
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
plot \
inp0 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
inp1 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
inp2 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
inp3 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
inp4 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
inp5 u 4:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
PLT_OMEGA
}
plotMut() {
timeDir=$1
items=$2
seq=$3
zMin=$4
echo " Plotting the ground-normal turbulent viscosity profile."
outName="plots/mut.png"
gnuplot<<PLT_MUT
set terminal pngcairo font "helvetica,20" size 1000, 800
set xrange [0:120]
set yrange [0:50]
set grid
set key bottom right
set xlabel "mu_t [Pa.s]"
set ylabel "Non-dimensionalised height, z/z_{ref}"
set offset .05, .05
set output "$outName"
zRef = 6
inp0="$timeDir/x_0mCell_$items.xy"
inp1="$timeDir/x_0mPatch_$items.xy"
inp2="$timeDir/x_2500m_$items.xy"
inp3="$timeDir/x_4000m_$items.xy"
inp4="$timeDir/x_5000mCell_$items.xy"
inp5="$timeDir/x_5000mPatch_$items.xy"
plot \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/mut-RH-Fig6d" \
u 1:2 t "RH" w p ps 2 pt 6 lc rgb "#000000", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-2500" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=2500m" w p ps 1 pt 5 lc rgb "#E69F00", \
"system/benchmark-data-HargreavesWright2007/mut-HW-Fig6d-4000" \
u 1:2 t "HW, x=4000m" w p ps 0.5 pt 4 lc rgb "#56B4E9", \
inp0 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#009E73", \
inp1 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=0m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#F0E440", \
inp2 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=2500m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#0072B2", \
inp3 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=4000m" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#D55E00", \
inp4 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Cell)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#CC79A7", \
inp5 u $seq:((\$1-$zMin)/zRef) t "OF, x=5000m (Patch)" w l lw 2 lc rgb "#440154"
PLT_MUT
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Require gnuplot
command -v gnuplot >/dev/null || {
echo "gnuplot not found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
exit 1
}
# The latestTime in postProcessing/samples
timeDir=$(foamListTimes -case postProcessing/samples -latestTime 2>/dev/null)
[ -n "$timeDir" ] || {
echo "No postProcessing/samples found - skipping graph creation" 1>&2
exit 2
}
timeDir="postProcessing/samples/$timeDir"
zMin=0
mkdir -p plots
# Postprocess flow speed
plotUxUpstream $timeDir $zMin
plotUxMid $timeDir $zMin
plotUxDownstream $timeDir $zMin
# Postprocess turbulence quantities
if [ $baseEpsilonOrOmega == "epsilon" ]
then
items="epsilon_k_nut"
plotEpsilon $timeDir $items $zMin
plotK $timeDir $items 3 $zMin
plotMut $timeDir $items 4 $zMin
elif [ $baseEpsilonOrOmega == "omega" ]
then
items="k_nut_omega"
plotK $timeDir $items 2 $zMin
plotMut $timeDir $items 3 $zMin
plotOmega $timeDir $items $zMin
else
echo "Chosen turbulence model is neither epsilon nor omega based." 1>&2
exit 2
fi
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

111
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/blockMeshDict Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object blockMeshDict;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
scale 1;
// x = streamwise
// y = spanwise
// z = wall-normal
nx 500;
ny 5;
nz 50;
xMin 0;
xMax 5000.0;
yMin 0;
yMax 100.0;
zMin 0.0;
zMax 500.0;
// blockMesh calculator input:
// width of start cell = 1.0 (HW:p. 359)
// number of cells = 50
// total length = 500
// blockMesh calculator output:
// cell-to-cell expansion ratio = 1.076030437 (consistent with 1.076 (HW:Fig.1))
zTotalExpansion 36.25795062;
vertices
(
($xMin $yMin $zMin)
($xMax $yMin $zMin)
($xMax $yMax $zMin)
($xMin $yMax $zMin)
($xMin $yMin $zMax)
($xMax $yMin $zMax)
($xMax $yMax $zMax)
($xMin $yMax $zMax)
);
blocks
(
hex (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) ($nx $ny $nz) simpleGrading (1 1 $zTotalExpansion)
);
edges
(
);
boundary
(
inlet
{
type patch;
faces
(
(0 4 7 3)
);
}
ground
{
type wall;
faces
(
(0 3 2 1)
);
}
top
{
type patch;
faces
(
(4 5 6 7)
);
}
sides
{
type symmetry;
faces
(
(1 5 4 0)
(3 7 6 2)
);
}
outlet
{
type patch;
faces
(
(2 6 5 1)
);
}
);
mergePatchPairs
(
);
// ************************************************************************* //

62
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/controlDict Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object controlDict;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
application simpleFoam;
startFrom latestTime;
startTime 0;
stopAt endTime;
endTime 5000;
deltaT 1;
writeControl timeStep;
writeInterval 500;
purgeWrite 0;
writeFormat ascii;
writePrecision 12;
writeCompression off;
timeFormat general;
timePrecision 6;
runTimeModifiable yes;
functions
{
#include "sampleDict"
minMax
{
type fieldMinMax;
libs (fieldFunctionObjects);
writeControl writeTime;
fields (U);
}
}
// ************************************************************************* //

26
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/decomposeParDict Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object decomposeParDict;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
numberOfSubdomains 8;
method hierarchical;
coeffs
{
n (8 1 1);
}
// ************************************************************************* //

58
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSchemes Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object fvSchemes;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
ddtSchemes
{
default steadyState;
}
gradSchemes
{
default Gauss linear;
}
divSchemes
{
default none;
div(phi,U) bounded Gauss linear;
div(phi,epsilon) bounded Gauss limitedLinear 1;
div(phi,omega) bounded Gauss limitedLinear 1;
div(phi,k) bounded Gauss limitedLinear 1;
div((nuEff*dev2(T(grad(U))))) Gauss linear;
}
laplacianSchemes
{
default Gauss linear uncorrected;
}
interpolationSchemes
{
default linear;
}
snGradSchemes
{
default uncorrected;
}
wallDist
{
method meshWave;
}
// ************************************************************************* //

59
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/fvSolution Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
object fvSolution;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
solvers
{
p
{
solver GAMG;
smoother GaussSeidel;
tolerance 1e-8;
relTol 0.01;
}
"(U|k|epsilon|omega)"
{
solver smoothSolver;
smoother GaussSeidel;
tolerance 1e-8;
relTol 0.01;
}
}
SIMPLE
{
nNonOrthogonalCorrectors 0;
consistent true;
pRefCell 0;
pRefValue 0;
}
relaxationFactors
{
equations
{
U 0.9;
"(k|epsilon|omega)" 0.7;
}
}
cache
{
grad(U);
}
// ************************************************************************* //

79
tutorials/verificationAndValidation/atmosphericModels/HargreavesWright_2007/system/sampleDict Normal file
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
| ========= | |
| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
| \\ / O peration | Version: v1912 |
| \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com |
| \\/ M anipulation | |
\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
FoamFile
{
version 2.0;
format ascii;
class dictionary;
location system;
object sampleDict;
}
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
// The locations of the sample profiles correspond to:
// Hargreaves-Wright (2007), Fig.6
// DOI:10.1016/j.jweia.2006.08.002
samples
{
type sets;
libs (sampling);
setFormat raw;
interpolationScheme cell;
fields (U k epsilon nut omega);
writeControl writeTime;
sets
(
x_0mPatch // inlet patch face centres
{
type face;
axis z;
start (0 50 0);
end (0 50 500);
}
x_0mCell // inlet-first cell centres
{
type midPoint;
axis z;
start (5.0 50 0);
end (5.0 50 500);
}
x_2500m
{
type face;
axis z;
start (2500 50 0);
end (2500 50 500);
}
x_4000m
{
type face;
axis z;
start (4000 50 0);
end (4000 50 500);
}
x_5000mCell // outlet patch face centres
{
type face;
axis z;
start (4995 50 0);
end (4995 50 500);
}
x_5000mPatch // outlet-first cell centres
{
type face;
axis z;
start (5000 50 0);
end (5000 50 500);
}
);
}
// *********************************************************************** //