diff --git a/app/models/city.rb b/app/models/city.rb
index 18fb0a7..456e9f4 100644
--- a/app/models/city.rb
+++ b/app/models/city.rb
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class City < ApplicationRecord
   def formatted_current_time(type = :date, use_local_timezone = true)
     # 获取时区
     timezone_info = self.country&.timezones.present? ?
-                      eval(self.country.timezones).first :
+                      country&.timezones&.first :
                       { "zoneName" => "UTC", "gmtOffsetName" => "UTC+00:00" }
 
     # 设置时区对象
diff --git a/app/models/country.rb b/app/models/country.rb
index 81f3da5..e79b9e2 100644
--- a/app/models/country.rb
+++ b/app/models/country.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ class Country < ApplicationRecord
   validates :code, presence: true, uniqueness: true
   validates :iso2, uniqueness: true, allow_blank: true
 
+  attribute :timezones, :jsonb
+
   def to_s
     name
   end
diff --git a/app/models/weather_art.rb b/app/models/weather_art.rb
index 01b3422..1149879 100644
--- a/app/models/weather_art.rb
+++ b/app/models/weather_art.rb
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class WeatherArt < ApplicationRecord
   def formatted_time(type = :date, use_local_timezone = false)
     # 获取时区
     timezone_info = self.city&.country&.timezones.present? ?
-                      eval(self.city.country.timezones).first :
+                      self.city.country&.timezones&.first :
                       { "zoneName" => "UTC", "gmtOffsetName" => "UTC+00:00" }
 
     # 设置时区对象
diff --git a/app/workers/batch_generate_weather_arts_worker.rb b/app/workers/batch_generate_weather_arts_worker.rb
index 8a285a6..86c9952 100644
--- a/app/workers/batch_generate_weather_arts_worker.rb
+++ b/app/workers/batch_generate_weather_arts_worker.rb
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class BatchGenerateWeatherArtsWorker
 
   def get_local_time(city)
     return Time.current unless city
-    timezone_info = eval(city.country.timezones).first
+    timezone_info = city.country&.timezones&.first
     return Time.current unless timezone_info
 
     timezone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[timezone_info["zoneName"]] ||
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250215084540_convert_country_timezones_to_json.rb b/db/migrate/20250215084540_convert_country_timezones_to_json.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fea9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250215084540_convert_country_timezones_to_json.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+class ConvertCountryTimezonesToJson < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  def up
+    # 1. 首先添加一个临时列
+    add_column :countries, :timezones_json, :jsonb
+
+    # 2. 转换现有数据
+    Country.find_each do |country|
+      if country.timezones.present?
+        begin
+          # 尝试解析现有的 timezones 字符串
+          parsed_timezones = eval(country.timezones) # 这里使用 eval 是为了处理历史数据
+          country.update_column(:timezones_json, parsed_timezones)
+        rescue => e
+          puts "Error converting timezones for country #{country.id}: #{e.message}"
+          # 设置默认值
+          country.update_column(:timezones_json, [{"zoneName" => "UTC", "gmtOffsetName" => "UTC+00:00"}])
+        end
+      else
+        # 设置默认值
+        country.update_column(:timezones_json, [{"zoneName" => "UTC", "gmtOffsetName" => "UTC+00:00"}])
+      end
+    end
+
+    # 3. 删除旧列并重命名新列
+    remove_column :countries, :timezones
+    rename_column :countries, :timezones_json, :timezones
+  end
+
+  def down
+    # 回滚操作
+    add_column :countries, :timezones_string, :text
+
+    Country.find_each do |country|
+      if country.timezones.present?
+        country.update_column(:timezones_string, country.timezones.to_s)
+      end
+    end
+
+    remove_column :countries, :timezones
+    rename_column :countries, :timezones_string, :timezones
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 8336a65..79bca9c 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_02_11_035423) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_02_15_084540) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "pg_catalog.plpgsql"
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_02_11_035423) do
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
     t.string "slug"
-    t.integer "country_id", null: false
+    t.integer "country_id"
     t.string "state_code"
     t.string "country_code"
     t.boolean "flag", default: true
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_02_11_035423) do
     t.string "native"
     t.string "subregion"
     t.string "nationality"
-    t.text "timezones"
     t.text "translations"
     t.decimal "latitude", precision: 10, scale: 8
     t.decimal "longitude", precision: 11, scale: 8
@@ -159,6 +158,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_02_11_035423) do
     t.boolean "flag", default: true
     t.string "wiki_data_id"
     t.bigint "subregion_id"
+    t.jsonb "timezones"
     t.index ["code"], name: "index_countries_on_code", unique: true
     t.index ["region_id"], name: "index_countries_on_region_id"
     t.index ["slug"], name: "index_countries_on_slug", unique: true